Organizational Structure And The Organization - 789 Words

Organizations are founded on the basis that they want to accomplish a goal. Organizations differ from one another in various ways, and that is stated in their mission and vision statement as well as their goals. Every organization has a set pattern that helps to establish the structure on which it will accomplish the goal of the business. According to Prodanciuc, organizational structure is the fundamental concept that helps the organization be organized and administrated. The organizing takes place at the beginning of the organization’s existence and it means providing everything that is needed for it to function. It composes of three interconnected components. To begin, it is important to make certain the economic support for the organization is appropriate, and that it is capable of sustaining its existence. Next, the social component helps create and defined the organization’s staff and human resources. This normally has a formal structure. Meaning that there†™s a set of hierarchical or pyramidal blueprint, ensuring the relationship between front line and corporate employees are established as a stated in framework of the organization. Finally, the informational circuit is put in place to help solidify the leadership and that information is distributed as stated in the organization’s framework (Prodanciuc, 2012). Types of Structure There are several organizational structures that can be used in an organization, however there some basic principle that applies despite ofShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1585 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant things to run a business smoothly is an appropriate organizational structure in order to manage workers effectively, have maximum productivity and achieve the objectives set by the company. The structure of an organization including the method that an organization employs to delineate lines of communication, policies, authority and responsibilities. It determines the extent and nature of how leadership is disseminated within the organization. It is the method to ensure effective channels of communicationRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of Organization Structure1557 Words   |  7 Pagescourse we discussed bureaucracy. We said this form of organization was the starting point for understanding all modern organizations. Based on the text and other class readings develop an essay that begins with a brief definition of bureaucracy and the reason why this form of organization remains the cornerstone of organization structure. Then, give three reasons why the principles of bureaucracy may sometimes be dysfunctional for an organization. Conclude your essay with a discussion of three principlesRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1130 Words   |  5 Pagescompany to be productive and advance in the business environment. Organizational structure determines how roles, power, and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, coordinated and how information flows between the different levels of management. In an organizational workforce environment, there are several levels of management, such as managers, supervisors, team leads and coordinators. Their responsibilities are to know why organizational changes are nece ssary and they must effectively communicateRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages1.2 At least two different organizational structures are identified, described, and compared in terms of their design principles. Ans: - 1. Organisational Structure – It is a structure which is used to elaborate ranking in an organisation. It is also define as an organizational structure which defines how activities such as task portion, division and guidance are directed towards the achievement of organizational purposes. 2. There are different types of organisationalRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1085 Words   |  5 PagesAn organizational structure is a composition that specifies a company s hierarchical structure. There are various kinds of conformations that organizations can choose to build their business around. The organizational structure exemplifies the way in which control and business affairs have been appointed within the organization. Organizational structure encompasses the design of an organization though people positioning and responsibilities in order for organizational goals can be reached. SomeRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Organization1163 Words   |  5 PagesOver the years, most organizations have been urged to consider changing their organizational structure so as to promote employee flexibility as well as empower them with the discretion of making decisions. As a result, organizations across the world have resorted to de-layering or flattening their organizational structures with the hopes of achieving employee flexibility and improving the operations of the organization as well. De-layering or flattening, in this case, refers to the elimination ofRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1361 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction An organization is defined as a group of people who work together in an organized way for shared purpose. When people come together, they can either compliment one another or potentially create conflicts and disagreements in the course of pursuing common objectives with their differentiated experiences, perceptions and knowledge. Managing an organization involves putting a structure to the business so that managers can manage, supervise and coordinate its people and organization’sRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of An Organization1718 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduction This report is going to concentrate on the structure of an organization because, like Jay Lorsch said: organization structure is management’s formal and explicit attempts to indicate to organizational members what is expected of them. In his words, ‘this was management’s attempt to draw a map of whom they want to do what’ (Lorsch, 1977, p. 3) .So a mature and scientific organizational structure is an essential factor that a successful organization requires. I got an internship in a law officeRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of The Organization3890 Words   |  16 Pagesto set up the structure and policies to suit the changes of the market. One of the essential and most important factors to achieve that is the organizational structure. Organizational structure theory is especially useful for people who manage organizations, or who aspire to do so in the future. It enables the manager to see that his or her organization and its problems are rarely wholly unique. Usually, much of value can be learned from examining the behavior of other organizations in broadly similarRead MoreThe Organizational Structure Of The Organization3854 Words   |  16 Pageswill look at Company B. We will begin with an overview of the organization, what category of industry it falls under, and some of the products the organization offers. Next, we will explore the current status in the organization, that is, the current state of affairs in the organization w ith regard to products as well as the internal organizational structure, the factors that contribute to the structure, the effectiveness of the structure. Then we will investigate the steps the company has taken to

The Effects Of Trench Warfare On The Western Front

Trench warfare was a prominent component of battle, specifically during the years of 1914-1918 - the first World War. This essay aims to examine how detrimental life in the trenches on the Western front in World War one was to the average soldier. It attempts to answer the question what was life in the trenches like for the average soldier in the first World War? To fully and thoroughly understand the concepts of trench warfare, this essay goes into depth on topics such as the set-up of trenches in comparison to those of their opposition, common disease in a trench, advantages and disadvantages of using trenches in battle, the weapons, communications, and strategies involved in the war, as well as the friendships gained whilst in battle and the role of the arts in World War one. As Germany had started off strong with the most advantageous location and high-tech weaponry, one would believe that the war would be taken by the Germans. Yet through disease, fear, and suffrage, the British scored a triumphant win. All of which had much to do with the advances of weaponry and trench warfare. Aside from who won the war, the events that went on in the trenches are what made it so unbearable for such a long period of time. The reality was that the average soldier was either ill, depressed, killed, or completely insane. Surrounded by corpses, suffering from hunger, and susceptible to many diseases, a trench was no place for any civilian. What Was Life in the Trenches Like for theShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Trench Warfare1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrench warfare is a war strategy used in the American Civil War in 1861 – 1865 and the Russian – Japanese War of 1904 – 1905, but it wasn’t until World War One that trench warfare became the standard form of fighting. World War one is best known for being the war fought in trenches, and the ditches dug into the ground to give troops protection from gunfire and enemy artillery. When men volunteered to fight in World War One on the Western Front, little did they know about the living and fighting conditionsRead MoreWhy Were Causalities so High on the Wester Front929 Words   |  4 Pagescasualties so high on the Western Front? There are many reasons for the casualties on the western front during World War I, such as the length of the war, the weapons involved, strategy and tactics, and the conditions. The total number of casualties in World War I, both military and civilian, was about 37 million: 16 million deaths and 21 million wounded. Throughout this essay, I will explain how each of these things affected the number of people who died on the Western Front. The first reason wasRead MoreReasons For The Stalemate On The Western Front1425 Words   |  6 Pages 1. The reasons for the stalemate on the western front In the early 1915 both sides had built endless trench lines stretching from the coast of Belgium to the Swiss border. This made it impossible for either side to defeat the enemy, so all attacks had to be head on front. Armies were much bigger in WW1 than ever before. The Prussian army that had invaded France during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 was less than 300,000 men. The German army involved in the Schlieffen Plan in 1914 was 4Read MoreEssay on Trench Warfare1549 Words   |  7 PagesTrench Warfare World War 1 is perhaps best known for being a war fought in trenches, ditches dug out of the ground to give troops protection from enemy artillery and machine-gun fire. The trenches spread from the East to the West. By the end of 1914, trenches stretched all along the 475 miles front between the Swiss border and the Channel coast. The trench system on the Western Front consisted of front-line, support and reserve trenches. The three rows of trenches covered between 200 and 500Read MoreWorld War I And The Cold On The Western Front1189 Words   |  5 Pagesalong with bettering our tactics from deadly trench warfare all which would be tested in the upcoming WW2. WW1 would slingshot the world into a new era of warfare, the infantry and a rifle that has proven useful since its invention. The tactics that would either save or cost many soldiers their mental states or the physical. Also the artillery that would completely destroy an enemy s will and fighting power. Rifles and their bayonets tools used in warfare but in WW1 the caused the most damage. WW1Read MoreTechnology Changed The Dynamics Of War During World War I1587 Words   |  7 Pagesfelt the effects of war whether through a social, political, or economic impact. through One of the major impacts of trench warfare was that it made it difficult for the Allied and Central Powers to secure a victory. New technology such as the machine gun brought massive death and casualties. Armies in all nations started to need a larger population of soldiers to fight because of the amount of soldiers that were wounded or killed. These technological developments in war include trench warfare, chemicalRead MoreTrench Warfare And The Great War1404 Words   |  6 Pages Trench Warfare World War I, otherwise known as The Great War, is considered by many as the first modern war. Poison gas, heavy artillery, armored tanks, mortars, ground breaking military guns, advancement in war machinery, and shell bombardments were all newly utilized weapons that caused mass destruction that was never seen before at the time. However, a lot of deaths and conflict occurred in the man-made trenches. Both strenuous and unproductive, living and fighting in the trenches cost soldiersRead MoreWw1 Technology Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesSerb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare. The war was propagated by two major alliances. The Entente Powers initially consisted of France, the United Kingdom, Russia and their associated empires and dependencies. Numerous other states joined these allies, most notably Italy in April, 1915Read MoreViews On Humanity. As The Human Race Evolves, Some Evolutions1661 Words   |  7 Pageswars, each had its own significance in mortality. Until now, battlefield tactics, with the use of vast weaponry, followed the same preset rules. Humanity had to endure horrors not from one war, or from one tactical change in warfare, humanity had to learn how to endure the effects of war as well. Economics was a driving force for some countries to rule with the influence of imperialism. Humanity further defines imperialism as â€Å"a depraved choice of national life, imposed by self-seeking interest.†[footnoteRef:2]Read MoreTrench Warfare: Hell on Earth Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagessystematic style of battle through trenches. To adapt to this style, countries developed new weapons and tactics to prevail over their enemies. But, the war simply remained a draw. Trench warfare prolonged World War I by a causing a bloody stalemate where millions died from modern weapons and horrid living conditions. Trench warfare had been used in past wars, but the Germans popularized this style during World War I. Germans sought to capture Paris, but faced the French at the Marne River on September

Khazars and Judaism Free Essays

In his essay entitled â€Å"O dvoystvennosti verkhovnoy vlasti u khazarov†, Vasili V. Grigoriev described the Khazar as follows: â€Å"The Khazar people were an unusual phenomenon for Medieval times. Surrounded by savage and nomadic tribes, they had all the advantages of the developed countries: structured government, vast and prosperous trading, and a permanent army. We will write a custom essay sample on Khazars and Judaism or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the time, when great fanatism and deep ignorance contested their dominion over Western Europe, the Khazar state was famous for its justice and tolerance. People persecuted for their faiths flocked into Khazaria from everywhere. As a glistening star it shone brightly on the gloomy horizon of Europe, and faded away without leaving any traces of existence.† This paper introduces to a reader who the Khazar people are and their role in Jewish history. Khazars and Judaism Originally, the Khazars practiced Shamanism and phallic worship with the sky god Tengri as the focus. Subordinate Gods whom the Khazars worshipped include fertility  goddess  Umay,  Kuara, a thunder god, and  Erlik, the god of death Due the persecution of Jews under Heraclius, Leo III, Justinian II and Romanos I, Jews fled to Khazaria. The Mazdak revolts also caused Jews from Persia to flee to Khazaria. It was said that Jewish merchants from this age regularly traded in Khazaria. They may have wielded strong econimic relations in Khazaria. Sometime in the 8th century or 9th, the Khazar royalty converted to Judaism and the most of the population followed. The reason for the conversion, as some historians say is that the King cannot anymore endure the nasty forms of sexual excesses of his people. King Bulan abolished shamanism and the worship of phallic objects. He decided against Christianity and Islam and selected Judaism. The King and his nobles were converted immediately by the rabbis from Babylonia. Phallic worship was then forbidden. Kings requested for rabbis to open schools and synagogues in the nation. Judaism has become the religion of Khazaria. The conversion of King Bulan started the new policy that only a Jew can occupy the Khazar throne. The kingdom became a theocracy where the leaders imposed religion as the guide to everyday life. Judaism provided not only religious but also civil laws.    How to cite Khazars and Judaism, Papers

Importance of Educational Technology System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Educational Technology System. Answer: Introduction: The internet and web has become a common mean to get solutions and answers for our day to day issues. The use of internet has vast expanded from the use of information to finding solution for queries and doubts. The social and technological world is submerging and creating an easy and accessible world for all of us (Brookfield, 2013). The use of internet has improved the quality skill of every individual thus helping them to perform their best in every field. The same has happened with the education world too. The education world has adopting various features that are helping the students to make education easier (Cottrell, 2017). There are innovative courses that help to implement the use of internet in the education system and make the system easier. The study will discuss about one of the prominent courses Critical thinking and the internet. Critical thinking is conceptually applying the skilful techniques to reason or evaluate an action. The concept of using experience, observations and techniques to find a result is termed as critical thinking. This is enhanced by the usage of internet in the present days the course will teach all about the usage of internet to critically analyze and evaluate an action and find a result. It helps to solve problems, understand the data or information and helps to take decision (Dwyer, Hogan Stewart, 2014). The concept of critical thinking is present in every individual but that has to be implemented in the daily life and education courses. This course helps the student to understand the implementation of critical thinking and how internet has enhanced its power (Gagn, 2013). Few important issue sthat can be easily resolved by the help of critical thinking are: To understand and interpret information Taking informed decision Solving problems Analysing data Evaluating the data These aspects of critical thinking are supported by the use of internet and thus giving a better expected outcome in comparison to the previous ones. The use of internet has uplifted the whole process and eased the method for everyone. Thus internet and critical thinking is a must know for every individual in todays world (Stoi?, L. (2015). Concept of critical thinking: The concept of critical thinking defines the expression of analyzing, evaluating, interpreting information to take vital informations. It promotes the idea of independent thinking, personal autonomy and judgement. The concept helps to identify two primary situations as such- the capability to judge and reason out and the disposition to do that (Halpern, 2013). The education course that includes this concept basically aims to produce student who will be well aware and well informed, they should understand the important ideas, they should be able to identify innovative, complicated, creative ideas (HARDING,2014). The course also aims to create learners who will have the capacity to think critically and analytically and use it to uplift their own life and contribute to the society, culture and nation. The internet has enhanced the system of critical thinking by implementing few innovative pattern of thinking and reasoning like- associative thinking. Such type of thinking helps the student to dart from page to page for comparing and reasoning the data and finding logical reasons to evaluate them (Hwang Wu, 2014). The digital media has increased the information about the data and helps to analyze them in a better quality. Internet tools that helps in critical thinking: Reflection activities: the internet helps the students to enhance the standard of critical thinking by going across the reflective activities, get citation for courses and advance their knowledge and thinking. Review activities: sharing information in internet helps to receive review from friends and others and get a better concept about the topic to be analyzed. Thus, the use of internet makes it easier for the student to get better idea about the data and make relevant changes and decision about the data (Jackson, 2015). Discussion forums: the discussion forum allows the students to communicate among each other, demonstrate critical thinking skills, and analyze the course content. It helps to students to communicate and discuss about the critical decision that they require to make. Digital activities: The using of multimedia to present the information and share them with others to get relevant information and suggestion will help to make decision and evaluate the informations. The digital technology has made the system more advanced and students are benefiting from it in a huge way (Keeble Wilkinson, 2017). The aims of the course are to develop the following skills in the students: (Central theme)( Keegan, 2013) To develop a concept of internet use in academic sessions To develop a concept of critical thinking in academic life To teach how the CR skills are enhanced by internet usage. To make the students aware of the facilities provided by internet. The introduce the idea of sharing data and information in internet To introduce the idea of getting feedback from the internet To implement the thought of searching in internet and finding relevant data that will help to take decision To improve the decision making skills Practical theme: Use of internet in making decisions Using it in academic decision making Using it to answer the critical reasoning region of education Using it to make better decision and evaluate them properly Making better choice and preferences Sharing ideas and thoughts with others to help them to make better decision. The students can make better decision Education system will get a hike The techniques will be uplifted The education will become easier for students The researching techniques become simple Easy access to share data Easy access to get reviews Easy way of comparing many options from a single source Enhancing the CR section in education Rise of creativity and innovative thought process Sharing of new ideas and proposals Scope for the students: The dependency of internet has increased for all especially the growing generation. The internet has become a source of knowledge and informative for the educating society who all are always hungry for information and knowledge. Critical thinking is the evaluation of arguments and counter arguments flourishing the social attributes and fundamental need for development of skills. The online academic research has made reasoning and studying easier for students (McPeck, 2016). The study for CR with internet will enhance the potentiality in the students in a better level and help them to make education easier. The possible scopes for the students from these courses are: They can critically analyze the data and find a better outcome from the resources. The internet helps them to receive reviews and feedback from various sources that helps them to make judicious decisions (Moore, 2013). The doubts and issues that are not meet by the students can be easily overcome by the use if internet. The reasons and thoughts that were difficult to find a solution are easily resolved by the usage of internet. Thus, internet helps to generalize the issue process and give a solution to it. The learnings that comes from Cr of a matter with th e help of internet is much more reliable and trustworthy as it is universally accepted and contains review of various people. Thus, this idea can be applied in the day to day life work and there are less changes of failure in it. The students will get to know many new and innovative techniques that will help them to make decisions easily and faster, the student will leave the class with the following qualifications and capabilities: Analyzing quality- in this quality they can separate a whole information to find their functions, nature and relationships. It helps the student to sort data with the help of universal reviews and feedbacks (Zimmerman, 2013). Application quality- the student will be able to judge and evaluate the information on the basis of their personal, professional, social criterias and rules. The judging capacity is increased when the informations are analyzed on the basis of reviews and informations from internet (Nickerson Zodhiates,2013). Discriminating- the student can recognize the difference and similarities among the situations and distinguish them critically with the help of internet. Information seeking- the internet provides exact evidence, facts and informations about the related data. This helps to identify relevant sources and gatherings and to make wise decisions. Predicting- the usage of internet makes the power of predicting easier for any individual. They tend to research on a topic and make wise decisions with less chance of failure. Transforming knowledge- the change of concept and condition can be easily done with the help of this education. The can be more specific and conceptual in life. Thus, the students who will be pursuing the course will be able to identify him/her with the above qualities after completion of the course. Why is the course important? The course helps the students to develop special skills to analyze and critically think on a topic and make justifies decisions. The students need to adopt to make crucial and critical decision in life. This course provides guidance to the students who are trying to build their career. They build skills for the students sitting in competitive exams, the proficiency in writing is enhanced, verbal communicating skills are enhanced, and they can interpret the data and increase their critical thinking skills (O'Donnell et al.,). This help to secure seats in various exams, it prepares the students with the technology, the student gets prepared for the job examinations, the aptitude level of the students is enhanced. The learners need the course for a betterment in their CR concept with the advanced technology. The students find it easier to analyze and reason out the information. The competition level becomes easiler. The job examinations, competitive examination have become a tough competition sector with student availing from every background and quality. It is very difficult to prepare for the reasoning section without any advanced course or education. This course fulfils that section of the paper, making the student ready to face various and difficult questions in this field. It will help the student to think creatively and make justified decisions that will be helpful for their life (Parkay, Anctil, Hass, 2014). The student will develop a extra skill of self awareness. The student will be able to identify the negative and positive around them. They can be able rationalise between rational thoughts and emotions. The student can understand better and solve problems. The importance of critical thinking in society can be defined in many ways. The critical thinking ability among the generation will help them to make justified decisions in social incidents. The reflection of critical thinking will be high-lighted in the society and civilizations. The chances of fraud and cheating will be reduced. The people will be able to make decisions that will be beneficial to them and their society (Paul Elder, 2013). Lack of critical reasoning can often lead to wrong decisions that might cause damage to the environment and society. The greatest example of this is the damage caused to environment, the lack of education in society, lack of sensible thinking, increasing crime, increasing fraud. If this education is pursued by the student then there are chances that the student will have a valid reason for each and every step they take. That will reduces the chances for wrong steps and wrong decisions (Roderick, 2016). The scope for sensible behaviour and act wil l be increasing in the society thus creating a well developed society with smooth management system. There will be more scope for the students to prove their qualification and incur better opportunity for their career. If the students incur good result and gets well established in life then that will improve the standard of the society. The standard of that particular society will rise high thus rising the quality of life of that area (Shiraev Levy, 2016). What is the procedure of the course The students will be given enough time to reflect while responding to inquiries. They will be provided with supportive environment and revaluations. They will be given authentic tasks. They provides social learning environment for the students so that they get the chance to explore their thoughts. They provide journals to note the students position , give supportive reasons. Expected changes in the students: The student will have a better knowledge on many topic. They have the quality to identify and judge between the topics and make relevant decisions. The knowledge capacity will be increased by surfing too many sites in internet. The various information available from a single source will help to improve the information quality. The attitude of the student towards the education system will take a better approach, they will get a chance to think and evaluate everything critically and implement the quality in their daily life. They will get better scope to build a well framed society where consciousness will be present in every field. The students will have a skilled knowledge of evaluating and analyzing information in academic life. Apart from this they will be able to judge the situations and find a justified solution for the issues and make wise decisions. The course provides the capability of the students to critically analyze the facts and make decisions. The student can think analytically and differentiate between positive and negative. The student gets aware of the negative impacts in society. The student investigates and gets reviews that helps them to analyze the information. The decisions are accurate or correct. It helps to gain access to new informations The student acquires the capability to judge the situation from own perspective. Influence the existing knowledge The capacity of arguing is improved in the student The tendency of researching is increased among the students. The student learns to judge between the previous thinking and present thinking. The student learns to think logically, construct a concrete idea The intelligence skill of the student is enhanced. Affective domain: The people will learn to think critically with the help of internet researches. The reason for their accurate thinking is the universal reviews and sharing of thoughts over the internet. The students are facing day to day experiences that helps them to justify the reasons and analyze them accordingly. The students are made to learn more practical things instead of teaching bookish knowledge. The student who tends to free and do not prefer bookish knowledge gets more interest in such courses as they provide online informations and helps to teach with the help of latest technology. Conclusion: Thus, to conclude it can be said that the use of internet has been implemented in the daily life course. It has enhanced the betterment of life in every aspect, the same has also happened in educational fields too. The education system is booming with the influence and support of internet. The internet has transformed the education system with advanced technology and innovation. The above study has discussed about one of such implementation of internet in education system. The topic that was covered was critical thinking and internet, it included how internet has influenced the critical thinking in todays life. The concept of critical thinking emphasizes the capacity to analyze, evaluate, synthesize the information and make judicial decision. The concept of critical thinking helps to identify the positive and negative and helps to make decision after the research and analysis. The internet has helped the entire system by providing various information including reviews and ideas from individuals which has helped them to judge and make required decisions. Thus, the course will be making the students qualified to face the challenges and make requirement decisions. The study has detailed how the course is enhanced by the use of internet and how the critical thinking skills helps the student, society. It has also defined why does a student needs this course. It is expected that the course will be modified more in the later future and prepare the further generations with better analyzing and thinking capabilities. References: Brookfield, S. (2013). Teaching for critical thinking.IJAVET,4(1), 1-15. Cottrell, S. (2017).Critical thinking skills. Macmillan Education. Dwyer, C. P., Hogan, M. J., Stewart, I. (2014). An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century.Thinking Skills and Creativity,12, 43-52. Gagn, R. M. (Ed.). (2013).Instructional technology: foundations. Routledge. Halpern, D. F. (2013).Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. Psychology Press. HARDING, C. (2014). Introduction. InReligion and Psychotherapy in Modern Japan(pp. 21-44). Routledge. Hwang, G. J., Wu, P. H. (2014). Applications, impacts and trends of mobile technology-enhanced learning: a review of 20082012 publications in selected SSCI journals.International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation,8(2), 83-95. Jackson, S. L. (2015).Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning. Keeble, D., Wilkinson, F. (2017).High-technology clusters, networking and collective learning in Europe. Routledge. Keegan, D. (2013).Foundations of distance education. Routledge. McPeck, J. E. (2016).Critical thinking and education. Routledge. Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept.Studies in Higher Education,38(4), 506-522. Nickerson, R. S., Zodhiates, P. P. (Eds.). (2013).Technology in education: Looking toward 2020. Routledge. O'Donnell, A. M., Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Erkens, G. (Eds.). (2013).Collaborative learning, reasoning, and technology. Routledge. Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. Paul, R., Elder, L. (2013).Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Pearson Education. Roderick, G. (2016).Teaching critical thinking: Dialogue and dialectic. Routledge. Shiraev, E. B., Levy, D. A. (2016).Cross-cultural psychology: Critical thinking and contemporary applications. Routledge. Stoi?, L. (2015). The importance of educational technology in teaching.International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education (IJCRSEE),3(1), 111-114. Zimmerman, B. J. (2013). Theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview and analysis. InSelf-regulated learning and academic achievement(pp. 10-45). Routledge.